Corn stalk silage technology and feeding method

Corn stalk silage is a kind of feed that is convenient for large-scale storage and long-term preservation, which is prepared by sealing green and juicy corn stalks in a facility under the conditions of appropriate water content and sugar content, and using lactic acid to inhibit the reproduction and fermentation of bacteria. Grass has the characteristics of less nutrient loss, good palatability and high digestibility. The technical key of silage can be summarized as "chopping, compacting and sealing".

1. Address selection:

The silage site should be selected in a place with high terrain, sunny, well-drained, close to the livestock house, convenient to fetch and feed, no manure field, and no pollution source.

2. Facilities:

Common silage facilities include silage pits (trenches), plastic bagged (bundled) silage, and ground storage.

1. Silage cellar (trench): The building structure of the silo cellar can choose brick, stone, concrete or soil structure according to economic conditions and soil quality.

Determine the volume of the silo according to the herd (quantity) and raw materials. One cow (the amount of grass eaten by five sheep is equivalent to one cow), each needs about 3 tons of silage, and the volume of the silo is about 6 cubic meters. Determine the shape of the silo according to the volume, choose a rectangle if the volume is greater than 10m3, and choose a cylinder if the volume is less than 10m3. Silage corn stalks are generally calculated at 500 kg/m3.

The quality requirements of the silage cellar are: the width of the rectangular cellar and the diameter of the circular cellar should be less than or equal to the depth of the cellar, the depth is preferably 3 meters, the diameter of the circular cellar is 2 meters, and the width of the rectangular cellar is generally 2.5- 3 meters is appropriate, the length depends on the amount of raw materials, but it should not exceed 25 meters, and the upper width is slightly larger than the lower width.

2. Bagged (bundled) silage: The moisture content of corn stalks should be 55%-65% when bagged for silage. Corn stalks are kneaded with a kneading machine, and then bundled and packaged with a baler.

3. Ground storage: The ground storage is to use the corner of the wall and other places to store the short-term silage of the remaining raw materials after the silage cellar is stored. Generally, the height of the pile is 1.5-2.0 meters, the width of the pile is 1.5-2.0 meters, and the length of the pile is 3-3. 5 meters. The storage time should not be too long, and it should be fed first.

3. Preparation:

Grain-use corn can be harvested for silage after the stalks leave 1/2 of the green leaves after maturity; grain-forage corn can be harvested for silage after the corn is mature and harvested, and when there are fewer yellow leaves; feed corn can be harvested after the milk maturity period Silage can be harvested.

Before silage, the corn roots with soil and gravel and the rotten corn stalks should be removed, and then chopped with a hay cutter, and the chopped length should be 2-3 cm. The humidity of the silage corn stalks should be 65-75%, and it is advisable to hold the chopped corn stalks tightly with your hands if there is liquid seeping out and not dripping.

If the humidity of the corn stalks is insufficient, an appropriate amount of water can be added to the chopped corn stalks, 5-10 kg of water is required for every 100 kg. If the humidity of the raw material is too high, the corn stalks can be properly aired or some crushed dry materials such as bran and hay powder can be added.

4. Filling:

Silage corn stalks* are collected and transported as they are collected, transported as they are transported, and loaded into the cellar as they are transported. They must not be dried outside the cellar or stacked for too long.

Put the crushed corn stalks into the cellar layer by layer, and spray a layer of Baiyibao feed fermentation liquid for every 20 cm thick straw, and then compact the corn stalks with human stepping, stone tamping, tractor pressing, etc. Special attention should be paid Compact the walls around the cellar. The corn stalks are 30-40 cm higher than the mouth of the cellar, so that it is high in the middle and low at the periphery. The round cellar is in the shape of a steamed bun, and the rectangular cellar is in the shape of an arc-shaped roof. The circular cellar or small volume cellar should be filled and closed within one day.

After the silage cellar is full, the air should be removed as much as possible, and the corn stalks should be completely covered with 2-3 layers of plastic film. For underground cellars, a layer of 20-30 cm thick wet soil should be pressed on the film, and the ground should be lighted. Overground and semi-ground cellars are layered with straw curtains on the film.

Always check the top of the silage within one week. If sinking or cracks are found, they should be repaired and filled in time, and a 20×20 cm drainage ditch should be dug around the silage pit 50 cm away from the pit mouth.

Special attention should be paid to rodent prevention in the place where the silage is piled up or bagged. If a hole is found, it should be repaired in time.

5. Enable:

After 30 days of sealing, it can be unsealed and fed. Once unsealed, it should be used continuously until it is used up. Do not take it or stop it to prevent mildew. When taking it, it should be taken out according to the actual feed intake of livestock every day, and it should not be fully opened or used by digging holes. After the silage is taken out, it should not be placed for too long to prevent deterioration.

For round cellars, the covering soil should be peeled off first, and the plastic film should be peeled off, and the feeding should be layered from top to bottom. , secondary fermentation. Rectangular cellars should be opened towards the sun. After peeling off the covering in the same way, take it from top to bottom.

6. Quality inspection:

The first-class silage is green or yellow-green, with strong alcoholic acid aroma, soft texture, loose and slightly moist, and the pH is 4-4.5; the medium silage is yellowish brown or dark brown with a slight wine smell, soft and slightly dry; inferior silage , dark brown, dry loose or sticky lumps, smelly, PH greater than 5. Only high-grade or medium silage can be fed to livestock, and low-quality silage corn stalks cannot be fed to livestock.

7. Feeding:

When feeding silage for the first time, there must be an adaptation process, and the amount should be from less to more. If diarrhea occurs, the amount of feeding can be reduced or suspended for a few days before feeding.